Tipping in America: How a $2.13 Wage Floor Became Everyone's Checkout Prompt

Tipping in the United States no longer waits for the end of a sit-down meal. It turns up on tablet checkouts at coffee counters, in ride-hailing apps, on delivery screens and, in some places, at self-checkout kiosks. In a Pew Research Center survey from November 2023, 72% of American adults said tipping is expected in more places than it was five years earlier.
Underneath that spread sits a structure most diners never see. The federal wage floor for tipped workers has been $2.13 an hour for more than three decades. State laws cut across it, and the federal rules around it were rewritten twice in two years.
The custom is old. The arithmetic behind the prompt is not.








